Soil erosion is one of the important concerns for any type of vegetation. This mainly occurs in two forms, the first one is erosion that is caused by wind and the other is the erosion that is being caused by rain. In both of the above cases the top soil is being washed away which causes lack of fertility for the plant and thus leading to loss of nutrients for the plant.
Wind erosion
The soil erosion that is being caused by wind mainly occurs in two ways. The first way is the removal of soil and deposition of top soil particles in other areas and the other way is due to the collision of particles that occurs due to wind. In the latter case there will be loss of particles due to the abrasive effect of collision. There should be special precaution that should 
be taken in areas of less vegetation to prevent erosion due to wind.
Rain erosion
Rainfall is the prime driver of soil erosion and the top soil may either be splashed off or they can flow off with the water. Whenever the force of the water falling on the soil is greater than the resistance that is being offered by the soil the soil gets eroded away in a great manner. This washing away of top soil is very sever on the plans since there will be reduced water holding capacity for the soil. There are also other problems that will be raised due to erosion of top soil since there will be problem of blockage of dams, the quality of the drinking water will also be reduced due to contamination with soil
Minimizing erosion
By increasing the density of vegetation it is possible to interlock the soil due to the hold which is being applied by the plants on the soil. The slopes have natural tendency to release top soil due to gravity effect and force of water. Thus by incorporating terrace farms it is possible to reduce the force of water and prevent the gravity factor. In terrace farming the fields will be built at right angles to the slope which will be of best use in effectively reducing the erosion of top soil. This method can be predominantly seen in areas where there is tea and coffee plantation.
Thus it is very important to prevent erosion of top soil to increase the nutrient supply to the plants and also to get good quality output.
Drip irrigation has turned out to be the best method for irrigating the crops. Many crops fail due to the lack of water. Water is the main reason for the growth and if the water is supplied at the right time then we can get maximum production. Drip irrigation is the best solution for the drought hit areas or the areas with low water.
A drip irrigation system consists of the drippers and the PVC pipes connected to every plant in the farm. The water is uniformly distributed to the plants in the form of the drops with the help of these PVC pipes. The drops from the pipes directly flow into the roots and therefore avoid flooding of the nearby area. A flooding usually results because the plants cannot take up the water after a limit. Usually flooding, leads to the growth of the weeds in the farms. As the drip water system needs just drops of water for the growth of the plants, there is a greater chance for the water conservation in the drip irrigation. The drops are also well absorbed by the plants.
Benefits of using drip irrigation systems:
Drip irrigation system has a lot of advantages when compared with the other systems which may include the following:
- Since the water is allowed to flow to a particular area, the flooding of the area is greatly reduced.
- Only 1/10th or 1/20th of the water required for the normal cultivation is needed.
- Drippers ensure that the water percolates well into the ground. In the case of the sprinkler systems the bushes present on the surface doesn’t allow the water to pass into the ground.
- It also reduces the attack of pests to a greater extent, as the humid conditions are required for the growth of the pests. But in this system, the humidity is reduced to a greater extent, as the water is well directed into the soil.
- It also prevents the washout of the top soil by the water as the water is concentrated in the form of the drops at a particular area.
Disadvantages of using the drip irrigation system:
- Drip irrigation system is more expensive than the traditional systems, but once the system has been constructed then we will not suffer from the lack of water.
- The life span of the drip irrigation system is also less usually 10 to 15 years.
- The drippers must be replaced if the periodic flushing is not carried out which further adds to the cost.
Drip irrigation system is popular among the commercial growers and now-a-days it is also becoming popular among the small scale farmers and gardeners as well. On the whole the drip irrigation system is the best technique to irrigate your field without much wastage of water.
Generally square, quadrangle, chess and triangle planting are applied to flat areas. In sloping areas, contour planting is applied parallel to terrace curves. Let’s learn how to mark our seedling locations, dig seedling holes, plant our seedlings and understand the optimimum plantation times.
First: Marking Seedling Locations and Digging Seedling Holes
A space the length of half a tree should be left from the edge of an orchard and once this is accomplished, seedling markers should be placed along this edge, thereby marking each row. Because stroke sticks will be lost during digging, new sticks should be inserted on both sides of the planting board, enabling you to remove the marking sticks entirely.
A planting board commonly measures 59 inches long by 4-6 inches wide and seedling holes generally measure 20-27 inches (with a depth of 20-27 inches). The top soil and ground soil removed from the hole should be placed separately. It is more effective to dig holes prior to plantation so the soil can benefit from adequate aeration.
Plantation of Seedlings:
Key Drawing an Apple
Seedlings must be pruned before plantation – this process is referred to as ”plantation pruning.” Seedlings can be prepared by trimming off any roots that are crushed, broken and damaged during the digging process. Tangled roots should be separated and extra-long roots should be trimmed off. All of these necessary steps ensure that each seedling can take on the desired form.
While planting a seedling, it should be placed onto a planting board so that the hole on the planting board will be in visual range.
The vaccination location of the seedling can then be inserted into the hole and filled with soil.
Some nice fruit seeds 
By initially mixing the soil with fertilizer, the top soil and ground soil can then become intermingled. Be sure to tamp the soil down firmly during while watering the seedlings.
Plantation Time of Seedlings:
Autumn plantation is highly recommended for seedlings because weather conditions are traditionally less severe — additionally, soil does not freeze at such superficial levels. On the other hand, spring plantation is quite dangerous and you may run the risk of stunting the rooting rate of your seedlings.
