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Drip Irrigation System Vs Others

The function of a well-managed irrigation system is to deliver the right amount of water to a specified area in your yard or garden. This process can be performed using many different methods. One such method is drip irrigation. Drip irrigation system delivers water, a drop at a time wherever it is needed, specifically at the root of the plants. Depending on the system you are using you can also provide humidity and get it to mist.

Drip irrigation systems are of 3 types. The first system consists of a thin plastic tube that runs through the garden and thinner tubes that terminate in emitters are attached to it. Plastic nozzles which are the emitters enable the water to nozzles escape in the form of a trickle. One nozzle should be used for each plant. The second system is made up of plastic lines that cross the garden back and forth and contain in-line nozzles that are placed at regular intervals. This installation process of the second system is easier but it is not as precise as the first one. A dual-chambered hose is present in the third system. It works by routing water through a larger hose that fills with water and then fills a smaller tube under equalized pressure. The tube holes give out water at an even rate. You can bury it underground or hide it under layers of mulch. However, any type of digging in the garden should be done carefully to avoid any accidental damage to the hoses. With drip irrigation systems you can time the release of water.

With the help of these systems you can reduce water by up to half. It provides the required amount of water gradually, reducing the chances of puddle or runoff issues.

Drip irrigation system is unlike other watering systems such as sprinklers, sprinkler and soaker hoses. Although sprinklers are less expensive and easier to install, they tend to waste water. On very hot days water from sprinkler systems can also evaporate before reaching the ground.

Sprinkler hoses are designed to lie on top of the surface and spray water from holes. The water comes out in a shower rather than a trickle. They do not drown plants but they do not posses the penetration and precision of drip irrigation systems.

Soaker hoses contain pores and you can bury them under mulch. Soaker hoses provide small amounts of water slowly and directly to the roots of specific plants. They can efficiently deliver small amounts of water to plants. However, soaker hoses are not easily adaptable to the landscape. They cannot for plants in pots and they may also apply uneven amounts of water if they are not placed on flat ground. This problem can be avoided if short runs of hoses are used and if the hoses are run along contour lines. Rubber soaker hoses have a long life

In some areas, there are restrictions and regulations in place regarding the use of drip irrigation systems. You should check if these apply to your area. Drip irrigation takes care of a lot of watering problems but is not feasible for use on lawns. Cost is a also a factor; it is more expensive to purchase and install a drip irrigation system when compared to the other choices mentioned above.

Choosing a watering system will depend on your needs. Cost, rate of delivery, and efficiency factors are the main factors to consider. Any of these systems will be much better than hand watering your plants.

Cultivated Mushrooms — The Baby Steps of Mycelium

As you know we’ve covered the equipment and places to successfully produce mushroom. Now we’ll have a look at the production process itself which is very unusual as mushrooms aren’t plants.

First, before bringing in the compost, you’ll have to apply biocides to the rooms you’ll be growing mushrooms in because mycelium is very vulnerable to foreign organisms . For this, use formaldehyde and DDVP, both at %1 volume. After applying these solutions, keep the room shut for two days and then ventilate. Remember to put a doormat at the entrance with %1 formaldehyde solution as well.

Protect the Mycelium from Aerial Harm

mycelium

When the rooms are prepared, put the sacks filled with mycelium induced compost into the trays after pressing on them. Fold the empty top parts of the sacks and cover them with wrapping paper which %1 formaldehyde solution was applied. The wrapping papers should not have any kind of print on them, because the print process might introduce some elements that might harm the mushrooms. Covering the compost will protect the Mycelium from aerial harm and losing humidity from the surface. If sack has enough empty space, you can use that section to cover the compost as well. If you have used paper to cover the compost, you should water the paper with spraying. While the paper must always be kept wet, the compost itself shouldn’t.

white mycelium

When you move the sacks, remember to disinfect the floor. At the first stages of mycelium growth, the room temperature should be kept 20-24 degrees and the moisture %80 – 90. At this time, the temperature should never get above 27-28 degrees, as the insides of the sacks will be 2-3 degrees hotter than the outside. At 30 degrees, mycelium growth slows and at 32 and more, it dies. Similarly, around 13 degrees the growth slows and mycelium dies at 0 degrees. As you can see, the temperature should always be controlled.

Add Fresh Air From Outside

To prevent the temperature becoming too hot, if you don’t have a system to make it cooler, you might consider adding fresh air from outside. But as you want a high ratio of carbon dioxide, fresh air with oxygen is something you don’t want, and it will drop the moisture levels. It is dangerous but might be considered if there is no other choice.

As mushrooms are not plants, they don’t need sunlight. Actually, sunlight leads to low-quality products as it causes cracks and stains on the mushrooms. Light should only be used when harvesting or taking care of your mushrooms.

The moisture should also be controlled and kept around %85- 90. If the room isn’t moisturised enough, the compost will start to dry and the efficiency will drop. But moisture levels higher than %90 is very suitable for a great number of problems. If the moisture is too low, you can water the floor or hang wet sheets on the walls.

The moist environment needed for any step in mushroom production is suitable for pests and diseases. Because of this, pesticides should be applied before the infections.

If you’ve managed to keep the environment in control, the mycelium should cover all the compost in about 18 days.

If the growth is slow, one or more of these might be the reason:

Compost being too dry or wet.
Temperature is over 30 degrees inside the compost.
Compost being poor or not prepared well enough.
Compost being prepared enough but not pasteurized.
Presence of bacteria or diseases in the compost.
Using old mycelium.
The room temperature being too low.

The Protected Cultivation of Fresh Beans

Up until recently, fresh beans were grown on the bottom of columns in greenhouses as intermediate products in order to utilize space. However, for the last few years, fresh bean cultivation has been accomplished via the monoculture method. Fresh beans are not selective in soil and can thrive in sandy, sandy loam and humus soil. Bean growing is more difficult in salty soils.

Speaking of salt, irrigation water should not be salty either. Beans grow well under 6.1 – 7.4 pH degrees and are sensitive to cold. The minimum temperature required for seed germination is 50 F while the optimum temperature required is 68 F – 77 F during their development period and 64 – 68F during their flowering period. The temperature of the soil should be 64 F.

Fresh beans are not selective during the duration of daylight exposure. In greenhouses, fresh beans are grown in warm seasons (particulary in spring) by shadowing them. In this way, the temperature in a greenhouse is reduced during hot weather. On the other hand, there is no need for shadowing during the autumn season.

Beans do not like excessive humidity

Beans do not like excessive humidity during their flowering period since this causes the failure of their seed set. However, they require 60 – 70% water in the soil they are planted in. Irrigation should be done accordingly. There should not be much air current or a high level of humidity/temperature.

There are two cropping periods to consider when fresh beans are grown in a greenhouse — the fall season and the spring season. Cropping is done in the middle of September during the autumn and in the middle of December during the springtime.

The greenhouse in which the fresh beans are grown must be solarized or disinfected with chemicals during the summer, just as it is typically done for the other greenhouse products.

In addition, the ventilation windows of the greenhouse should be covered with a material which will allow air to enter but discourage insects from passing through (particularly during the fall season in order to protect against viruses). After tilling the soil for plantation, masuras are must be prepared for the double-row method with spacings of 45×20x15 inches.

One hour before drilling, soil should be left under warm chemical water in order to protect against diseases and harmful factors. 1-2 swollen seeds must be placed into each planting hole and covered with soil. Soil should not be humid during this process. Watering should not be done until the seeds are germinated and the cotyledon and first set of real leaves come up. Otherwise, seed decaying occurs due to excess water.

What to do, When the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves ?

When the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, hoeing should be done. Trellising structures should be created by lacing twines on each row. This process should be done expeditiously, otherwise the plants will not grow effectively. Fresh beans have an innate twining quality. Once a bean plant clings to a trellis, it twines around the trellis and grows upright. There is no need for twisting it or pruning. Water should be given in small portions until the first formation of beans. When the beans begin to grow, they will need more water and thus the amount of water will increased along with the interval time (which will be reduced).

Which chemicals need to use ?

In the production of greenhouse beans, a controlled amount of organic fertilizers must be added to the soil. Prior to greenhouse solarization, 4-5 tons of stall fertilizer should be applied per thousand square meters.
Upon the first real irrigation, irrigation as well as fertilization should be applied during the growing period.
In one growing period, a total of 8-12 kg nitrogen (N), 10-12 kg phosphorus (P2O5) and 12-15 kg potassium (K2O) should be applied in pure form.

In fresh beans, the potential for self fertilization is 99%. Before the plants flower, the male and female organs are mature enough for fertilization and once the fertilization process is accomplished, flowers develop. Dry and hot weather during the fertilization period have a negative impact on the fruit set. The fruit (which is a bean) becomes small, it curls up, and then it turns yellow and falls off.

In fresh bean growing, beans should be harvested when they are mature and green. The fruit is a bean and there are seeds between the two carpel leaves. Harvesting should not be done before the seeds are filled and before the beans are in their place. There are three typical bean shapes: flat with curled ends, an open C or S letter.

In the event of diseases or pests, chemical control should be taken in accordance with the Technical Guidelines of Agricultural Control.

Ventilation Control For Greenhouse Roses

The greenhouse should be ventilated, depending on temperature and moisture. Ventilation should be done when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than 21 degrees. Ventilation helps control the temperature and humidity while providing the plants with CO2 and O2 gases.

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The Ideal Moisture Requirement For Roses

Depending on the temperature inside the greenhouse, the moisture should be kept in line for the best results. For example, if the temperature is 24 degrees, %60 humidity is suitable. While too much moisture causes more illness in the greenhouse, too little of it can also be detrimental for the growth. The plant loses too much water, the growth stops and the shoots become shorter. [click to continue…]